Both. '...all parties settled on a co-existence agreement that stated that the Cornell-UVA project could use the name when clearly associated with open source software for digital object repository systems and that Red Hat could use the name when it was clearly associated with open source computer operating systems.'

https://fedorarepository.org/about/our-history/

The hat!

> The term fedora was in use as early as 1891.

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fedora#History)