"First we write the bad code, then we write the good code."
Your concerns are valid but not unique to AI generated code, the same feeling has existed for as long as open source software has existed: is my code good enough, will I just look stupid when people suggest oversights and mistakes?
The fact of the matter is that if you have created software that solves an actual issue, especially if that issue was previously unsolved, you have created something valuable. Making it open source only means that the code is now open to contribution, forks, or other modifications by anyone using it.
The performative idea of open source software being a part of your resume and written only to increase your personal brand is a perversion of what the open source movement originally was about. It's about learning, and you learn by making mistakes, regardless of whether your bad code was written completely from your own brain or from the suggestion of an LLM.
Don't ever be afraid to open source your code, nobody has any right to expect anything from you, and if they do they are just too stupid to understand that free and open code is always a gift, regardless of how bad it is, if it solves a problem for real people.