> SS is different mostly in that you’re not really loaning money to the government. The money coming in today mostly goes right back out as payments.

That's only a difference in accounting, not in reality.

They could 'fully find' SS tomorrow, by just creating a bunch of T-bills for it.

> There’s also an upper limit on SS taxable income. I forget what it is, but basically the entirety of the top quintile isn’t paying SS on their entire income. I want to say it’s like 90k, but it’s been a while since I looked.

How's that different from CPF? See https://www.cpf.gov.sg/employer/infohub/news/cpf-related-ann...