No one even brought that up. We're discussing being able to install unsigned/self signed APKs. Please stay on topic and take your strawman elsewhere.

[citation needed]

I run GrapheneOS and use several US-based banking apps. I'll not name them since I don't really want my HN account associated with my financials in any way, but I've got a mix of well-known national bank apps and smaller local credit union apps working.

I'll admit there is a single institution's app I've found that doesn't work, but that is just one of several that I use.

I use GrapheneOS with the Dutch ASN banking app and the ICS credit card app. Pretty much all other major Dutch banks work as well.

https://privsec.dev/posts/android/banking-applications-compa...

Google Pay does not work, but some other NFC payment apps do (e.g. Curve).