It's the attention mechanism at work, along with a fair bit of Internet one-up-manship. The LLM has ingested all of the text on the Internet, as well as Github code repositories, pull requests, StackOverflow posts, code reviews, mailing lists, etc. In a number of those content sources, there will be people saying "Actually, if you go into the details of..." or "If you look at the intricacies of the problem" or "If you understood the problem deeply" followed by a very deep, expert-level explication of exactly what you should've done differently. You want the model to use the code in the correction, not the one in the original StackOverflow question.

Same reason that "Pretend you are an MIT professor" or "You are a leading Python expert" or similar works in prompts. It tells the model to pay attention to the part of the corpus that has those terms, weighting them more highly than all the other programming samples that it's run across.

That’s because it’s superstition.

Unless someone can come up with some kind of rigorous statistics on what the effect of this kind of priming is it seems no better than claiming that sacrificing your first born will please the sun god into giving us a bountiful harvest next year.

Sure, maybe this supposed deity really is this insecure and needs a jolly good pep talk every time he wakes up. or maybe you’re just suffering from magical thinking that your incantations had any effect on the random variable word machine.

The thing is, you could actually prove it, it’s an optimization problem, you have a model, you can generate the statistics, but no one as far as I can tell has been terribly forthcoming with that , either because those that have tried have decided to try to keep their magic spells secret, or because it doesn’t really work.

If it did work, well, the oldest trick in computer science is writing compilers, i suppose we will just have to write an English to pedantry compiler.

Its a wild time to be in software development. Nobody(1) actually knows what causes LLMs to do certain things, we just pray the prompt moves the probabilities the right way enough such that it mostly does what we want. This used to be a field that prided itself on deterministic behavior and reproducibility.

Now? We have AGENTS.md files that look like a parent talking to a child with all the bold all-caps, double emphasis, just praying that's enough to be sure they run the commands you want them to be running

(1 Outside of some core ML developers at the big model companies)

How anybody can read stuff like this and still take all this seriously is beyond me. This is becoming the engineering equivalent of astrology.

these sort-of-lies might help:

think of the latent space inside the model like a topological map, and when you give it a prompt, you're dropping a ball at a certain point above the ground, and gravity pulls it along the surface until it settles.

caveat though, thats nice per-token, but the signal gets messed up by picking a token from a distribution, so each token you're regenerating and re-distorting the signal. leaning on language that places that ball deep in a region that you want to be makes it less likely that those distortions will kick it out of the basin or valley you may want to end up in.

if the response you get is 1000 tokens long, the initial trajectory needed to survive 1000 probabilistic filters to get there.

or maybe none of that is right lol but thinking that it is has worked for me, which has been good enough

Its very logical and pretty obvious when you do code generation. If you ask the same model, to generate code by starting with:

- You are a Python Developer... or - You are a Professional Python Developer... or - You are one of the World most renowned Python Experts, with several books written on the subject, and 15 years of experience in creating highly reliable production quality code...

You will notice a clear improvement in the quality of the generated artifacts.

If I say “you are our domain expert for X, plan this task out in great detail” to a human engineer when delegating a task, 9 times out of 10 they will do a more thorough job. It’s not that this is voodoo that unlocks some secret part of their brain. It simply establishes my expectations and they act accordingly.

To the extent that LLMs mimic human behaviour, it shouldn’t be a surprise that setting clear expectations works there too.

Why do you think that? Given how the attention and optimization works on training and inference it makes sense that these kind of words trigger deeper analysis (more steps, introducing more thinking/reasoning steps which wield indeed yield less problems. Even if you make model to spend more time on token outputting you will have more opportunity to emerge better reasoning in between.

At least this is how I understand it how LLMs work.

Possibly can be confirmed something with tools this : https://www.neuronpedia.org/

The LLM will do what you ask it to unless you don't get nuanced about it. Myself and others have noticed that LLM's work better when your codebase is not full of code smells like massive godclass files, if your codebase is discrete and broken up in a way that makes sense, and fits in your head, it will fit in the models head.

Maybe the training data that included the words like "skim" also provided shallower analysis than training that was close to the words "in great detail", so the LLM is just reproducing those respective words distribution when prompted with directions to do either.

Apparently LLM quality is sensitive to emotional stimuli?

"Large Language Models Understand and Can be Enhanced by Emotional Stimuli": https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.11760

It’s actually really common. If you look at Claude Code’s own system prompts written by Anthropic, they’re littered with “CRITICAL (RULE 0):” type of statements, and other similar prompting styles.

The disconnect might be that there is a separation between "generating the final answer for the user" and "researching/thinking to get information needed for that answer". Saying "deeply" prompts it to read more of the file (as in, actually use the `read` tool to grab more parts of the file into context), and generate more "thinking" tokens (as in, tokens that are not shown to the user but that the model writes to refine its thoughts and improve the quality of its answer).

It is as the author said, it'll skim the content unless otherwise prompted to do so. It can read partial file fragments; it can emit commands to search for patterns in the files. As opposed to carefully reading each file and reasoning through the implementation. By asking it to go through in detail you are telling it to not take shortcuts and actually read the actual code in full.

The original “chain of thought” breakthrough was literally to insert words like “Wait” and “Let’s think step by step”.

My guess would be that there’s a greater absolute magnitude of the vectors to get to the same point in the knowledge model.

The author is referring to how the framing of your prompt informs the attention mechanism. You are essentially hinting to the attention mechanism that the function's implementation details have important context as well.

Yeah, it's definitely a strange new world we're in, where I have to "trick" the computer into cooperating. The other day I told Claude "Yes you can", and it went off and did something it just said it couldn't do!

—HAL, open the shuttle bay doors.

(chirp)

—HAL, please open the shuttle bay doors.

(pause)

—HAL!

—I'm afraid I can't do that, Dave.

if it’s so smart, why do i need to learn to use it?

It's very much believable, to me.

In image generation, it's fairly common to add "masterpiece", for example.

I don't think of the LLM as a smart assistant that knows what I want. When I tell it to write some code, how does it know I want it to write the code like a world renowned expert would, rather than a junior dev?

I mean, certainly Anthropic has tried hard to make the former the case, but the Titanic inertia from internet scale data bias is hard to overcome. You can help the model with these hints.

Anyway, luckily this is something you can empirically verify. This way, you don't have to take anyone's word. If anything, if you find I'm wrong in your experiments, please share it!

Strings of tokens are vectors. Vectors are directions. When you use a phrase like that you are orienting the vector of the overall prompt toward the direction of depth, in its map of conceptual space.

One of the well defined failure modes for AI agents/models is "laziness." Yes, models can be "lazy" and that is an actual term used when reviewing them.

I am not sure if we know why really, but they are that way and you need to explicitly prompt around it.

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