I don't see any issues with "appropriating" a work especially if it's not a one to one copy which AI does not produce (without out some pretzel level prompting), especially with regards to visual media (what even is appropriation in this case? Your example of photographers taking images of paintings is not the same as how AI training occurs). In other words, training is and should be free and fair use.
> training is and should be free and fair use.
Of course the AI robber barons would that it be so, but it must not be and should not be.
Training gobbles up works in their entirety, verbatim.
Fair use of the verbatim words of a written work requires the excerpt to be small.
Fair use also usually requires attribution, which is missing.
Transformative works like parodies are also fair use, but the LLM isn't transformative int his sense; it's strawman transformative like a meat grinder.
Parodies use the structure of something existing, as a vehicle for original thought which is why they are protected from copyright claims by the authors of whatever is pariodied.