Normally there's a single "font of last resort" that's used for particularly obscure characters. Although even those don't cover everything, the extended Egyptian hieroglyphs don't display for me, for example https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_Hieroglyphs_Extended-...
a single font can contain a maximum of about 65000 glyphs, but there are over 150000 defined Unicode glyphs, so a single font of last resort isn’t possible, unfortunately. Complete coverage would require multiple fonts.