The weights must still have some understanding of the chess board. Though there is always the chance that it makes no sense to us
There is no understanding, the weights are selected based on better fit. Our cells have no understanding of optics just because they have the eyes coded in their DNA.
Even that is probably too much. It has no understanding of what "chess" is, or what a chess board is, or even what a game is. And yet it crushes every human with ease. It's pretty nuts haha.
Does Stockfish have weights or use a neural net? I know older versions did not.
Why must it involve understanding? I feel like you’re operating under the assumption that functionalism is the “correct” philosophical framework without considering alternative views.