> Artemis's closest modern counterpart, the SpaceX Starship, has had 11 test flights, several of which resulted in loss of the vehicle.
I don't think you can compare the two. Starship's risks are so high failure is almost the expected outcome, it's a trial and error based process. Starship and Artemis is an apples/oranges comparison with respect to how the programs approach risk tolerance.
Until Artemis actually flies a comparable number of missions, any advantage in reliability is pure speculation. Which is not a good way to approach crewed spaceflight. I don't think the two programs are as different as you think, prospectively: both take great care to ensure that their vehicles don't fail. Starships may be cheaper than the SLS, but they're still very expensive. SpaceX doesn't go into a flight expecting to lose a vehicle. The difference in culture is more in the reaction to failure. As a private company, SpaceX moves very quickly in the wake of failure, whereas NASA has in recent decades become much more cautious once a failure has occurred. And while you say SpaceX is more tolerant of risk, I would note that they've never flown a crew on a launch vehicle that had only one previous unmanned launch. Falcon 9 had 85 unmanned launches before there was a crew aboard. And they expect to launch 100 unmanned Starships before they fly one with a crew.
Now which program seems the more risk tolerant?