Sure, but these maneuvers aren't done realtime and aren't as time-sensitive; a burn is calculated and triple checked well in advance. If there was an error, there's always time to correct it.

In the case of moon landings, the only truly time-critical maneuvers are the ones right before landing... and unfortunately, a lot of fairly recent moon probes have failed due to incorrect calculations, sensor measurements, logic errors, etc.

The GNC loop runs several times per second. The desired output will consequently be increased by the working computers to achieve the target. The computer does not "dead reckon" anything.

Travelling through Max-Q in Earth atmosphere on ascent is far more dangerous.