It's basically using the "-" embedded in the definition of the eml operator.

Table 4 shows the "size" of the operators when fully expanded to "eml" applications, which is quite large for +, -, ×, and /.

Here's one approach which agrees with the minimum sizes they present:

        eml(x, y             ) = exp(x) − ln(y) # 1 + x + y
        eml(x, 1             ) = exp(x)         # 2 + x
        eml(1, y             ) = e - ln(y)      # 2 + y
        eml(1, exp(e - ln(y))) = ln(y)          # 6 + y; construction from eq (5)
                         ln(1) = 0              # 7

              eml(ln x, exp y) = x - y          # 9 + x + y

                   x - (0 - y) = x + y          # 25 + {x} + {y}

Well, once you've derived unary exp and ln you can get subtraction, which then gets you unary negation and you have addition.

Don't know adding, but multiplication has diagram on the last page of the PDF.

xy = eml(eml(1, eml(eml(eml(eml(1, eml(eml(1, eml(1, x)), 1)), eml(1, eml(eml(1, eml(y, 1)), 1))), 1), 1)), 1)

From Table 4, I think addition is slightly more complicated?