They'll still need some DRM in the printer so it will only accept signed gcode that came from the the slicer.
Otherwise it's pretty trivial for someone to just bypass the slicer and hand write the gcode.
If you put the DRM in the printer I can hard wire the stepper motors to some H-bridges and an Arduino and run the unsigned gcode.
I have no intention to print weapons, but just saying that this law does nothing.
Unable to find the article quickly, but, I read a compelling perspective recently: DoD vendors seeking to restrict use of 3d printed replacement parts that they would normally supply. There was some speculative tie-in with the recent wave of consumer level regulation.