And Hickey himself said he adapted ideas from Bagwell's HAMTs. And tries are 60 years old.
I have always thought Hickeys main contribution was making it default in a coherent way, and proved it could be done. Before clojure most peoplle still thought immutable data structures were too I practical.
I think the Clojure version does have some actual improvements over the Bagwell version, and some implementation tricks improvements as well. But I don't remember all the details.
That's a big contribution, also the original HAMTs are not a functional data structure. See Section 3.4.1 in https://docdrop.org/download_annotation_doc/3386321-trk2f.pd...