> type safety without having to transpile code from another language (so no build processes that rival C++ in complexity just to still have interpreted code at the end)
All major server-side JS runtimes are capable of executing TypeScript without transpilation these days. Complex build processes are only really a thing for client-side JS. The normal state of affairs these days is to run server-side code with no build step whatsoever.
That's true to some extent, but working with many modern frameworks often still requires a build step. Next.js in particular has quite a heavy toolchain.