The 'real world' analogy is much simpler: standards.

Canonical UX patterns are generally beneficial and most 'design' attempts are well-meaning dark patterns.

Xerox figured out windows, scroll bars, buttons, groups in the 1970s and most web interfaces are STILL not up to that standard!

Heck - they're not as good as Visual Basic apps from the 1990s.

Largely due to lack of design discipline.