Funny enough its the tower that tells the cellphone modem which network is "better" and it does this in an unencrypted cell reselection message. So it is easy to force a phone to select 2G.
https://efforg.github.io/rayhunter/heuristics.html#lte-sib67...
Huh, I was going to say that this can't possibly be the case for the newer standards, but it seems like it really is the case even in 4G/LTE...
Hopefully devices at least ignore it when 2G is deactivated entirely, for those where that's possible.