It's part of a novel, so it has a larger context. The parable is not intended for you, the reader, but for the protagonist of the novel Josef K., who is spending time in a futile effort. I'd say it's basically about futility of seeking unattainable answers, and frustration. But it's probably not meant to be 100% understood, as Josef K. is a confused character full of doubts (like Kafka's characters tend to be), the purpose of the parable is not to dispel his doubts but to entrap him more in the frustration.
Love your username if only because it reminded me of that grad algo class and Prof, some hilariously awkward dude who invented some quantum alkhwarizmi, started ... "There was this guy ... Named Al Khwarizmi. Al..Khwarizmi Alkhwarizmi Hehe. Get it?" he also once started the class with a lecture for a different class and everyone was confused till the TA intervened. convinced it was all precalculated comedy of errors.