> But in the late 1800s, Georg Cantor and other mathematicians showed that the infinite really can exist.
I think, as I understand it, the objection is this. The proposition that infinity is "real", and there are actually infinite (not just very many) things.
> The proposition that infinity is "real"
As far as I can tell, numbers aren't real either. "Twelve" isn't a thing that exists in itself in the physical universe, it's an abstraction over some features of reality.
"Infinity" is another abstraction, but it's not the same kind of abstraction as "Twelve". It's a further step.
All mathematics is abstractions, layered on each other. See also "God created the integers, all else is the work of man"