I remember the words "peeking" and "poking", but this may have been specific to basic.
I remember looking into BASIC sources to figure out how they did some things I had no idea how to do with BASIC... and finding POKE statements with weird numbers, it was looking a bit like magic... (I was probably 10 or so, though)
Yes, most Basics had peek and poke commands with which you could read and write specific memory locations. For example - parentheses may or may net be needed, depending on the Basic implementation:
would read the byte at memory location 123 and store its value in X. Then would change the byte at 123 to be 42.But these didn't normally have so much to do with patching executables to add/change functionality.