> reveal downwind air temperature warming as high as 2.2 °C, with average downwind air temperatures 0.7–0.9 °C warmer than corresponding upwind areas. Thermal signatures were detectable at distances up to 500 m from facility perimeters
Average of less than 1 degree Celsius with detectability falling off at 500m.
Interesting, but calling it a hazard feels excessive.
I wonder how much hotter the air is 500m from a highway with stop and go traffic with hundreds/thousands of catalytic converters between above 700F and engines at 200.