Kind of.

A vscode workspace can trivially execute code on the machine that runs the server end of vscode. (This is how building works -- there is no sandbox unless the workspace config explicitly uses some kind of sandbox.) So the workspace can usually trivially elevate permissions to take over the vscode server, including installing extensions on it without asking you.

In principle, there is a teeny tiny bit of isolation between the local and remote sides, so the remote side cannot trivially execute code on the local machine. But I recommend reading this rather long-standing ticket:

https://github.com/microsoft/vscode-remote-release/issues/66...