Newton did it at 23 and there would have been very few people with mathematical training. The LLM would be trained on the entirety of recorded human knowledge and mathematics up to that point, and would get to use a lot more energy so it still has a massive material advantage over young Isaac. Yet I don't believe calculus would magically appear in its response.
A good way to look at it is to compare it to today: LLMs are already trained and are operationalizing a lot more mathematical knowledge than any human, including experts.
Why are they not coming up with paradigm shift in knowledge expression/discovery like humans did back then?
Are we just not prompting them right?