alt Hacker NewsI simply don't understand why leveraged buy-out(LBO) is allowed in the first place. It is like paying for the company with the money from the company you are buying.
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Private parties are allowed to make bad business decisions: Lenders can give loans that might not pay back. Businesses can take on a lot of debt and cash out the owners if allowed under the terms of the loan. A PE buyout isn’t even necessary to do this. The owners could load the company up with debt and pay themselves a lot of money if they negotiated the right loan terms. One of the suppliers I used for a while did exactly this, enriching the owner and then collapsing.
One correction is that it’s not like paying for the company with money from the company you’re buying, because that obviously wouldn’t benefit the sellers. The money comes from a lender and they get terms to take the business if the loan terms aren’t meant. The lenders are the effective new largest owners of the company with the PE firm being a smaller owner but the expected primary operator.
You understand mortgages, though, right?
Even 3% or 0% down mortgages?
This was called corporate raiding in the 1980s and even Reagan era America looked upon the practice as horrific, vilifying it in books/movies. That it's now an acceptable norm even after 40 years of it making things worse says a lot about the state of our nation. 'Money above all else' is more believed today than 1980s Reagan America.
It is analogous to a mortgage, you put down X% and the house itself secures the loan, along with PMI if your equity is below 20%. The assets of the business secure the loans in the same way a house secures a mortgage.
It provides liquidity to business owners.
As a business owner, if you want cash today because you are done with a business. You could go to a bank and get a loan to pay dividends. This is a bad deal for the bank as you have no incentive to operate the business after you cash out the loan. A private equity firm comes in and operates the business on the model that they still keep some of the profits after the loan value.
The crappy side comes in as a customer, the PE firm can do this to an arbitrary number of firms in the area and raise prices on each/cut services. PE firms can trivially build out monopolies. Many of these monopolies will be invisible as they leave the existing branding etc. in place.