alt Hacker News> The received wisdom suggests that Unix’s unusual combination of fork() and exec() for process creation was an inspired design.
No, it was done that way so that you could launch a program that was too big to fit in memory with the parent program. The original implementation worked by swapping out the forking program to disk on a fork() call. Then, at the moment the program was swapped out but control had not returned, the process table entry was duplicated and adjusted so that there were now two processes, one in memory and one swapped out. The one in memory then got control, and could do an exec() call.
This allowed large programs to run on small PDP-11 machines. It was needed back in the era of really expensive memory. That's why.
QNX had an interesting approach. Program loading isn't in the OS at all. There's "fork", but program loading is in a library. It links to a .so file which reads the executable header, allocates memory, loads the program, gets it ready to run, and starts it. The program loader runs in user space and is unprivileged. This is probably the right way to do it.
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It is almost as if you agree with the authors ..
"In this paper, we argue that fork was a clever hack for machines and programs of the 1970s that has long outlived its usefulness and is now a liability"
(But thanks for the good explanation)
Don’t pretty much all OSes implement process startup in userspace? On macOS, the kernel creates a process with an image of dyld and points it at dyld_start, which actually takes care of parsing the Mach-O header. I assumed ld.so does the same job on Linux.