> mathematics were one of the rare sciences were great scientists could emerge from any country with a good education system.

But would they be able to realize their potential without further (mostly monetary and institutional) support from their country? In that way, things now are not so different from before. However, the story will probably change in a few years' time.

Computational intelligence obviates the role of the human in making capital reproduce and multiply. Mathematics as its own field of study might become pointless other than as a hobby - an endeavour reserved for those entitled to the machine's output. What the machine develops in the place of mathematics may not be recognizable enough to even share the same label - that is, if it even uses mathematical principles rather than just finding correlations that are 'good enough' for its use.