particularly "and fuzzing", yea. fuzzing generally does intentionally explore boundary values, from what I've seen. for an encoding library like this, I think it's fair to say that fuzzing is a baseline expectation for any decent code, and it almost certainly would've caught this in seconds.
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concretely, I made a very simple round-trip test with proptest, and got dozens of failures and this in less than a second:
thread 'signed_round_trip' (50528) panicked at tests/test.rs:72:1:
Test failed: attempt to multiply with overflow.
minimal failing input: value = 4611686018427387904
successes: 2
local rejects: 0
global rejects: 0