I think deliberate practice is what's really core to improving any skill, including memory.
Spaced repetition is an effective way to review things but its biggest benefit is a process that's easy to be consistent with.
Somebody else can have equal or better performance with other technique but just like dieting, it doesnt matter as much what method you use as long as you stick with it.
I feel like the actual core mechanic at improving is the actual act of "recall", it doesnt matter what you do if its a form of recall it is effective and very awkward in practice because you just sit there waiting for your brain to do a mysterious thing