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elhart05today at 9:41 AM1 replyview on HN

The EPR safety design is the part worth highlighting for anyone not deep in USB PD. The handshake is deliberately structured so a single message error can't accidentally push a port into a 100W plus contract, the sink has to actively drive entry into EPR mode and the source verifies cable capability before sourcing anything above 20V. That's a sensible failsafe given how much heat and current you're dealing with at 48V and 5A. The eUSB2 section is also underrated context for why this matters beyond cables. As process nodes shrink below 7nm, the old 3.3V USB 2.0 signaling literally becomes a reliability risk to the silicon itself, which is why chipmakers had to invent a whole lower voltage PHY just to keep USB 2.0 alive on modern nodes.


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mtabinitoday at 3:21 PM

Not only that, but EPR contracts must be actively maintained in order to remain in effect. The sink needs to send a ping to the source every ~500ms, or the source pops out of EPR mode and forces a renegotiation. This ensures that, if the sink crashes, the source doesn't keep pumping power into a device that can't take it anymore.