I feel like this whole discussion boils down to one question (as commonly when considering political issues) : do we want a framework that favors progress globally for everyone, or do we want to ensure superiority of some above the others ?

Sure that's simplistic, but human behavior is not that complex, there are a few basic needs and wants that drive everything. In that specific case, those currently in a dominating position (Anthropic, the US) want to put hurdles (regulations) to make it more difficult for others to catch up, and everyone else want to join forces to overtake them.