Might be a very noob question but in this era of LLMs, let me ask the reverse, how do you gain expertise? It seems this rewards people who had expertise pre LLMs, but what about people who don’t have that in a specific domain? What approaches are viable now in this current system?
The same as it's been! Make things without using LLMs. Don't debug with them, don't use them to research things, just do it yourself. It'll be painful and that pain is learning.
I'm not sure I understand the question. What would prevent you from doing what these people did now that LLMs are here?
Same way you get strong in an age of heavy machinery: Lift heavy weights yourself.
Skills will have to be built through artificial constraints. Pen & paper, reading books, not using AI, etc.