Some older android phones like the Huawei P20 Pro had a combination of 40 MP main sensor and 8 MP monochrome sensor and combined them to produce a better image. But modern phones tend to have zoom, normal and wide-angle lenses which don't overlap in any meaningful sense.

Your idea about combining two lenses to make a better quality image could also be done with a single lens, just taking more photos in a row. Almost all phones (iOS/Android) do this for you already.