I wrote one of the referenced posts describing the history here: https://blog.trailofbits.com/2025/08/20/marshal-madness-a-br...

I was also part of the team that audited RubyGems.org: https://github.com/trailofbits/publications/blob/master/revi...

Look at TOB-RGM-9 (an informational, largely out-of-scope finding) if you want to understand what could be done to mitigate some of these concerns. Nearly all of these gadget chains rely on Gem library functionality, which has this wonky .gemspec.rz metadata file that sits alongside the actual gem file. I understand that it'd be a challenging, backwards-incompatible change, but moving this file from Marshal to JSON would break a lot of these gadget chains. Perhaps there would be others, but it would raise the bar.