> this file was independently reproduced by <name of trusted party>
Sounds risky, unless paired with strong policy about what a verifier should do. e.g. if the verifier just grants network access to the buildbot that then checks what the result should look like, then compromise could remain invisible while the label silently downgrade to "independently downloaded by". And I do not expect there are many parties that would be willing to provide such service beyond their own needs, while simultaneously not already providing that service in places where the infrastructure and policies are already set (such as Debian). Or at least they would already contribute towards build dependencies that do not break reproducibility on every other version bump.
I think running this with network access disabled is a good idea, but it's also important to note "was independently reproduced" is about "we challenged the SBOM and were able to produce this output from the stated inputs".
Whether the code in the SBOM subvertly downloads additional code (during build time or later during runtime) is still for the code reviewer to be found.