Plan 9 is essentially exactly that, which clearly was inspired by the Oberon’s GUI. By the way, does then Emacs count as such? Or maybe you should take a look at Genera, however, I’ve never really tried it.

Also the original Metro design as in WP 7/8/8.1 or Windows 8/8.1 relied heavily on the pure text, and the only place populated with a lot of icons was that iconic tiled start screen, although this is probably not what you mean.