> The bitter lesson is about hand tuned AI vs computational general methods. However in truth today’s AI uses both. We have general compute heavy models which require narrow expert instructions

The models are not even really trained bitter lesson-style anymore. That concept peaked during the era of pre-train scaling, back when it was thought that making a bigger and bigger GPT-3 would automatically solve all problems through prompting. In 2026, the most important part of training is post-training, which uses vast quantities of niche, hand-curated data to fit the models for specific tasks in domains like tax law.