In light of https://www.phoronix.com/news/Linux-Drops-AppleTalk , I'm a big fan of replacing the functionality in userspace:) (I've similarly thought that it would be helpful to port as many of Linux's filesystems to FUSE so when they get dropped users can just switch to that)
FUSE is great for portability, too – with some work you get macOS, Haiku, the BSDs...
Fwiw, if performance isn't paramount, you can have a lot of fun with LKL (linux kernel library) and UML (user mode Linux).
UML is full Linux running as a userspace process. Tools like guestfish use it to modify disk images. UML can only run on Linux though.
LKL lets you use the linux kernel as a library. However, only single threaded. But this allows you to use linux's tcp stack from userspace, or its filesystems, etc. LKL also works on non Linux platforms.
These are definitely a different shape than what you're looking for, but they could help you keep the real linux implementations alive from userspace far into the future.