First weight. Then resolution. I think SoTA for CRTs peaked at early HD resolution 720. One might be able to modulate the beam faster now. Size. And safety - anyone starting up production now would have to solve the safety issues from scratch. Nothing like a few cubic feet of vacuum imploding to ruin your day.
CRT monitors up to 1600×1200 were available and 1280×1024 was very common.
I sat before a second-hand 20" 1280x1024 monitor in 2001. And it was old (as in >5 years) at that point.
then there was Iiyama Vision Master Pro 514 with 140-ish kHz horisontal scan
Resolutions were very high for the time, I have a 2002 LG f900p (pretty high end, yes but it wasn't super expensive even back in the day) running at 1920*1200@85hz and it's a delight to work and play on it.
IMO, the only factor that kills the crt vs a moderm monitor is the size and weight. I imagine resolution would be limited by how small the dot pitch can actually be made to be with modern processes but with the advances in magnets and power electronics devices I imagine going at MHz horizontal frequency would be not that hard.