It depends on what you overwrite. If you overwrite a CPU instruction or a function pointer that followed the buffer, it's a code-execution attack. If you overwrite a data variable that followed the buffer, it's a data-only attack. I said nearly all conventional fuzzing found code-execution attacks, not data-only attacks. Isn't that clear? The former method is considered common, well-studied, with defenses, the latter method is considered rare, niche, and defenseless.
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It depends on what you overwrite. If you overwrite a CPU instruction or a function pointer that followed the buffer, it's a code-execution attack. If you overwrite a data variable that followed the buffer, it's a data-only attack. I said nearly all conventional fuzzing found code-execution attacks, not data-only attacks. Isn't that clear? The former method is considered common, well-studied, with defenses, the latter method is considered rare, niche, and defenseless.