This also affected me (with Firefox specifically). Looking into it, I ran across this blog post. It looks like macOS 27 has specific app data that it’s now preventing unexpected reads from. https://wojciechregula.blog/post/golden-gate-appdata-protect...
I agree that this seems like a good thing. I really don’t need Firefox (or any app!) trying to check another app’s data without explicit permission.
Oh wow, it's a manually curated list by Apple? Fascinating, thank you!