alt Hacker NewsNot necessarily, backprop is highly parallelizable since it is just a bunch of matrix mults.
Something like Dust skips the backward pass on backprop. But other techniques like Neural Predictive Coding can be completely asynchronous, each "weight" can fire independent of those far away from it. Innocenti, et. al have shown that NPC gradients converge to backprop within a certain "regime".
The win with asynchronous techniques like NPC is that you do not need the extreme co-ordination that backprop requires and hence should be computationally much easier given the right device.
Although at this point the industry has so much money in the forward-backward pass system that I doubt a backprop successor would win unless someone makes NPC hardware feasible and can prove scaling up to billions of params
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The reason why I don't see the promise for ML-only applications is that the coordination backprop requires comes very cheap to us.
"Much easier given the right device" - the "right" there just isn't shaped like the devices we actually build. And the price of "not having backprop" is usually expending more FLOPs, getting worse sample efficiency, etc.
The biggest "device" that doesn't do backprop is the brain, and that's because the brain doesn't have the connectivity or the coordination to pull it off. Both of those are "expensive" for something like it to implement. Cheap for us though. We aren't stuck with neurons that only get locally available information and have to implement learning rules based on that. So, skill issue?
Knowing nothing about this, I wonder if it could be useful in situations where we can’t reliably sync with all the workers. Something like folding@home, where all the workers are just shaking weights and if one of them finds a winner it uploads to the central server?
I think Jeff Dean is right in that we will see much more specialised silicon in the future.
If something more bio inspired ie. predictive coding and in-memory compute fundamentally makes continual learning and much lower energy consumption possible there will be specialised hardware for it at some point
FWIW I think the brain has multiple “learning rules” and operates at multiple timescales
Would these alternatives to backprop make it more feasible to have constant live-training going on in a model? Giving it something akin to neuro-plasticity?
Also has the "advantage" of being slightly more biologically plausible as the optimization happens locally rather than globally.
That idea was taken further by N'dri et al in PCL, in which "activation energy" was minimized as well, and inhibitory neurons added https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-64234-z.pdf
While trying to find the link for that I stumbled upon
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.12732
Which also looks pretty interesting