Since neutrinos don’t interact with much of anything, its path doesn’t deviate from its origin. Different origins emit neutrinos with different levels of energy. When a neutrino hits a nucleus, the blue light emitting particle in ice follows closely the same direction. Measuring the direction and the magnitude (lighting energy) of the vector we can classify its origin. Collecting a bunch of the same signature we know there's an object at that direction emitting at that energy level. From the vector and energy we kind of know whether it’s from the solar system or not.

Identifying the origin let us see objects behind dust clouds or other obstacles.

We know this because

- In the beginning, for the first couple of events, only because they have way higher energies than anything in the solar system could produce - By now, with enough data collected, their origin correlates very well with the milky way - we are close to identifying several far away galaxies as well

This is the significance. Contrary to some statements published today, IceCube was not primarily built to study Neutrinos, it was built to study the universe using Neutrinos.

That's why we care where they are coming from, we want to learn about the astrophysical objects that produce them.