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roughly • yesterday at 6:22 PM • 1 reply • view on HN

Very often the appropriate lens for genetic expression isn’t traits, it’s tools - a gene knockout isn’t “blue eyes now”, it’s “socket #6 is missing from the kit,” which is why you’ll see blue eyes and a bunch of other unrelated stuff.

(With love to my blue-eyed friends in the thread)


Replies

dekhn • yesterday at 6:32 PM

Yes; the molecular biologists have been pointing out this for decades. Trait-based genetics really set back the mental model for understanding complex phenotypes (the ultimate phenotype being the molecular structure of an entire human being over time). It's been an uphill battle to fight the long-term insistence of genetics professors that we just need to do a few more association studies on larger genome populations and all of diseases will be cured.

But I don't know how well a gene knockout maps to a single tool missing (in terms of analogy); due to the intricate, complex, functional history of evolution, many genes play multiple roles (a wrench can be used as a hammer), and many phenotypes are resilient to loss of one or another tool (can't find wrench? Use this hammer instead!) Understanding those details at the molecular level and relating them to the full human phenotype has been a major interest of mine for decades, but I can't say I really understand anything about it.

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