This was directly "inspired" by Poe's "The Gold-Bug". Only the cipher alphabet is different.

Arthur Conan Doyle was inspired by Poe's Auguste Dupin in his creation of Sherlock Holmes. He acknowledged this in a sort-of backhanded manner in "A Study in Scarlet";

“It is simple enough as you explain it,” I said, smiling. “You remind me of Edgar Allen Poe’s Dupin. I had no idea that such individuals did exist outside of stories.”

Sherlock Holmes rose and lit his pipe. “No doubt you think that you are complimenting me in comparing me to Dupin,” he observed. “Now, in my opinion, Dupin was a very inferior fellow. That trick of his of breaking in on his friends’ thoughts with an apropos remark after a quarter of an hour’s silence is really very showy and superficial. He had some analytical genius, no doubt; but he was by no means such a phenomenon as Poe appeared to imagine.”

If you read all of the Dupin stories i list here - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=50089773 - you can see just how much Arthur Conan Doyle owed Edgar Allan Poe.

In fact when accused of not acknowledging the above, Doyle wrote a short ditty "To an Undiscerning Critic" explaining himself - https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/wiki/To_An_Undiscerning_C...