That’s the wrong framing.
In Germany every adult has to have an ID card. You cannot not have one. As a consequence requiring one for voting is practically unproblematic.
In the US the situation is fundamentally different plus there is a history of heinous racial targeted disenfranchisement of voters to consider that is in the extremely recent past and alive and well.
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And what if germany turns authoritarian again? Unthinkable I know, but ID cards will only become a tool of oppression.