I’m always wondering what kind of constant noise might damage someone’s hearing (maybe develop tinnitus or long term hearing loss etc)? Is it only the volume or also duration and frequencies etc? Is there a risk having a noisy air purifier on all night?
Wonder no more. There is mountains of research on this for occupational health concerns. As long as your fan is <70dB there is virtually no risk to your hearing.
There might be some to your dog, on the other hand. Anecdotal, but my dog went deaf pretty early and he sleeps in a room where I run an air purifier all night. Not sure if there is correlation or causation there but that's my little anecdata.
Health and safety regulations are all about noise levels and exposure duration, not frequencies