A quick search suggests that modern gallium extraction is not particularly toxic, and is no worse than the Bayer process itself. China uses ion exchange technology that has never been successfully commercialized in the west. i.e they invested in making clean methods competitive, about 20 years ago. In fact, they have monopolized much of the ion exchange supply chain.

https://payneinstitute.mines.edu/strategic-intervention-to-r...

> China produces approximately 98% of the global gallium supply and 88% of the global germanium supply; dominance has been fueled by government intervention. Beijing mandated its rapidly expanding aluminum producers to install the capacity to extract gallium. Between 2005 and 2015, China’s production of low-purity gallium surged from 22 metric tons to 444 metric tons, a nearly 2000 percent increase. This move flooded the market and forced producers in the United Kingdom, Germany, Hungary, and Kazakhstan to shutter their operations.