What is the best source for cross-language description of language features? Eg: “optional types”: which langs have them and how do they work? Same with “union types” etc.
Rosetta code is often helpful. Not exactly for language features, necessarily: https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Monads/Maybe_monad
There's no single oracle for these things, unfortunately. One common citation is "Types and Programming Languages" by Benjamin Pierce (2002), but otherwise people generally just use the nomenclature of a specific language and hope cross-linguistic adventurers will figure it out. I think there's somewhat less variance with more modern languages, though, so in some ways it's less of an issue than it once was.