I think China uses NeoKylin, and Russia Astra Linux, both based on Linux.

I don't see China antagonistic to the west - they want autonomy, and don't share many of the values, but they're open to a wealthy West spending lots of money in Chinese goods.

Russia, at least its government, is a bit more, especially recently. But anyway, why reinvent the wheel when a battle tested FOSS is there for the taking?