To grow food in a truly sustainable way, we need to really understand the laws of biology at a macro and micro level (soil biology, water cycle, carbon cycle, etc...). Our scientific systems are not working efficiently towards that necessary understanding. 2/3 of life forms by mass in soil are microbes and we know nothing about 99% of them. We just know that soil biodiversity and food production/quality are highly correlated. If we don't work on this correctly, in the end, we will end up in a dead end and join the 99% of species that disappeared since life exists on earth in the long term. Odds are against us but I'm working with scientists and professionals that are having incredible results.
> truly sustainable way
What do you mean by that?
> If we don't work on this correctly, in the end, we will end up in a dead end
We have over 10.000 years of agriculture already behind us so I think that's proof that it works well enough to support small communities in a sustainable fashion. It's simply not necessary to understand all the microbes etc..
If you are hinting on optimization so we can feed all of humanity, then I mean we are definitely not resource and knowledge limited but rather by more mundane things. I'd wager just the US defense budget is enough to feed to world without a problem.