Ex-MSFT here. Some of MSFT’s biggest and high scale web services run on .NET Core on both Windows and Linux. I am speaking of services in Office, Security and Azure. Think across millions of VMs and servers. The tooling is great, the services are scalable. It’s nothing like .NET Framework.
MSFT’s own services run on .NET and it’s in their own interest to see it thrive and adopted even outside of MSFT.
My current employer, a mature US payroll company also runs on .NET core extensively and safe to say that the development is a breeze. Although I still find that I have to use a paid IDE like Rider or VS. The experience on VS code isn’t that mature.
I always liked C#, but the state of IDEs on Linux is what keeps me from using it more. I tried to get a nice setup with VS code, but I agree it's just not good enough. I do use Rider when I work with C#, but I'm not really happy with it either, although I can't really point to the issue with it either.
"Cattle not pets" paradigms mean any of the main languages and runtimes I.e. Java, Node, Python, Go, Rust, PHP can achieve this with the right DevOps / SRE and system design. Albeit some may be more inefficient therefore expensive.